This report summarizes the policies, programs and levels of investment in malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS in Brazil, linking these to broader Brazilian healthcare initiatives and to both general and specific investments. It provides the background necessary to understanding the contribution of the Global Fund, and the country’s transition away from that support once funding for malaria and tuberculosis ended. Brazil’s strong commitment to health, early establishment of excellence, its depth of technical expertise, and its ability to implement complex health programs has translated into a level of independence that relies on outside support for only part of its agenda. That in turn facilitates adapting to declining external transfers, and an understanding that transition means establishing functioning and funded institutions.