These case studies supplement Aceso Global’s White Paper on Hospital Autonomy Potential in India and assess hospital autonomy reforms in Brazil (Sao Paulo), Hong Kong, Vietnam, Portugal, Spain, the UK, and the US (NYC). Each case study introduces the country- or city-specific context leading to reforms, then details how the governance model functions in terms of operational and organizational autonomy, financial management, and accountability. Finally, each case study concludes with an analysis of the model’s strengths and weaknesses, and lessons learned.